In India, traditions are everywhere – in the lighting of a diya at dusk, in the tying of a rakhi, in the gathering of families for festivals. They weave through daily life, often so quietly that we forget how much they shape us. Yet the question lingers: do these traditions still carry the weight of meaningful bonding, or have they thinned into little more than low-cost symbols?
Our philosophical inheritance offers both reverence and caution. The Rig Veda saw ritual as a way of maintaining ṛta, the cosmic order. Tradition was not ornament but alignment – a bridge between human life and universal rhythm. The Upanishads, however, warned against mistaking ritual for its essence. They reminded seekers that it is not the act itself, but the awareness behind it, that opens the way to truth.
This tension between form and meaning recurs throughout Indian thought. Śankaracharya accepted ritual as a necessary preparation but insisted that liberation lay in self-knowledge. Kabir mocked the emptiness of mechanical practice, preferring the grinding stone that feeds the world to a stone idol worshipped without understanding. Tagore saw festivals as “a rhythmic reawakening of the human spirit,” a phrase that captures how traditions, when lived consciously, renew rather than repeat. And Gandhi, in his own way, echoed this when he spoke of tradition not as blind inheritance but as the living pursuit of truth.
If the thinkers remind us of the depth that traditions can hold, daily life reminds us of their fragility. In modern India, a WhatsApp message often replaces a personal visit; a selfie in ethnic attire may count as “celebrating” a festival; a hurried puja fits into a busy workday. The forms survive, but the bonds may not. This is what the Bhagavad Gita cautions against when it speaks of action done without awareness: the act continues, but its spirit is lost.
For Indians abroad, however, traditions often function differently. Within the diaspora, they are less about continuity of practice and more about the preservation of identity. In multicultural societies, traditions become markers of difference – visible signals of belonging to an imagined homeland. The Diwali mela in London or the Ganesh festival in New Jersey is not only a religious event but also an act of cultural assertion: a way of saying “we are here, and this is who we are.”
This dynamic also explains why NRIs sometimes cling more fiercely to traditions than families in India itself. For them, traditions serve as anchors in unfamiliar cultural landscapes, reinforcing ties to language, memory, and heritage. But this investment often collides with the generational gap. The first-generation immigrant may view rituals as vital acts of cultural survival, while the second generation, shaped by the social norms of their host country, may see them as optional or even burdensome. What the parent considers heritage, the child may interpret as nostalgia.
Scholars of diaspora studies describe this as the “selective preservation” of culture – where certain rituals and festivals are amplified because they provide visible, easily shared markers of identity, while more nuanced aspects of tradition fade away. Thus, festivals become more public, grander than they might be in India, while everyday practices may quietly erode. This creates a paradox: traditions gain visibility but lose intimacy.
And yet, even in these reconfigured forms, traditions continue to matter. They provide diaspora communities with cohesion, a sense of belonging in a foreign land. For children of immigrants, even if the rituals feel distant, they still serve as cultural reference points -threads that can be picked up later in life.
The most striking comparison lies in how traditions adapt differently in India and abroad. In India, where traditions surround us in abundance, familiarity often breeds casualness – they risk becoming hurried, low-cost gestures. In the diaspora, where traditions are scarce, they are amplified for visibility, sometimes at the cost of depth. Abundance makes them ordinary; scarcity makes them ornamental.
Traditions are only as meaningful as the consciousness we bring to them. Without that, they are what the Upanishads warned against centuries ago – wheels that turn, but carry no cart.
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